这部分需要会什么?
- 使用对顶角、邻补角和平行线角关系
- 求三角形与多边形内角
- 把图中的角关系转为方程
核心概念与公式
对顶角相等,组成平角的邻角之和为 \(180^\circ\),围绕一点的角之和为 \(360^\circ\)。两条平行线被截时,同位角和内错角相等,同旁内角互补。
三角形内角和为 \(180^\circ\),一个外角等于不相邻两内角之和。\(n\) 边形内角和为 \((n-2)180^\circ\);正 \(n\) 边形每个内角为该总和除以 \(n\),每个外角为 \(360^\circ/n\)。
做题时怎样使用
- 先标出已知平行、垂直、等腰等条件
- 用最直接的角关系建立等式
- 算出角后检查它属于内角、外角还是补角,并确认大小合理
容易混淆的地方
只有给出或证明平行时,才能使用平行线的对应角关系;不能仅凭图看起来平行。多边形内角相等也需要正多边形等条件。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题三角形一个外角为 \(125^\circ\),不相邻的两个内角分别为 \((2x+5)^\circ\) 和 \(3x^\circ\)。求 \(x\)。
展开解题思路 +
外角等于两不相邻内角之和,因此 \(2x+5+3x=125\),得到 \(x=24\)。两个内角为 \(53^\circ\)、\(72^\circ\),第三个为 \(55^\circ\)。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
直线・角与多边形挑战

In the figure, AC = CD. The measure of angle EBC is 45°, and the measure of angle ACD is 104°. What is the value of x?
原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形挑战

In the figure shown, points Q, R, S, and T lie on line segment PV, and line segment RU intersects line segment SX at point W. The measure of ∠SQX is 48°, the measure of ∠SXQ is 86°, the measure of ∠SWU is 85°, and the measure of ∠VTU is 162°. What is the measure, in degrees, of ∠TUR?
原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形挑战
Intersecting lines r, s, and t are shown below.

What is the value of x ?
原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形挑战

In the figure above, \( MQ \) and \( NR \) intersect at point P, NP = QP , and MP = PR. What is the measure, in degrees, of ∠QMR? (Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your answer.)
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直线・角与多边形挑战

In the figure above, what is the length of \( NQ \) ?
原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形挑战
In the figure, AC=CD. The measure of angle ∠EBC is 45°, and the measure of angle ∠ACD is 104°. What is the value of x?

原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形进阶

In the figure, line q is parallel to line r, and both lines are intersected by line s. If y =2x +8, what is the value of x ?
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直线・角与多边形基础
In △XYZ, the measure of ∠X is 23° and the measure of ∠Y is 66°. What is the measure of ∠Z ?
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直线・角与多边形基础

In the figure, two lines intersect at a point. If w = 136, what is the value of z?
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直线・角与多边形挑战
In convex pentagon \( ABCDE \), segment \( AB \)is parallel to segment \( DE \). The measure of angle \( B \) is 139 degrees, and the measure of angle \( D \) is 174 degrees. What is the measure, in degrees, of angle \( C \)?
原库参考解析
直线・角与多边形挑战
In the figure shown, line c intersects parallel lines s and t. What is the value of x ?

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直线・角与多边形进阶
In the figure, line m is parallel to line n, and line t intersects both lines. What is the value of x ?

原库参考解析
