这部分需要会什么?
- 确定变量及单位
- 将固定量和单位变化量写成线性关系
- 从总量、差量和单价关系建立方程或方程组
核心概念与公式
线性模型 \(y=mx+b\) 中,\(b\) 是 \(x=0\) 时的初始量,\(m\) 是每单位 \(x\) 带来的固定变化量。若 \(x\) 的单位为小时、\(y\) 为千米,\(m\) 的单位就是千米/小时。
建立模型的关键是找到关系:总价等于单价乘数量;路程等于速度乘时间;两类物品的总数等于两类数量之和。只有相同时间内增减量固定时,才适合直接用线性模型。
做题时怎样使用
- 用一句话定义每个变量,写明单位
- 把总量、固定费用、每单位费用等分别列出
- 建立等式并检查一个简单输入,例如数量为零时是否符合题意
容易混淆的地方
初始量未必是零。每次增长固定百分比通常是指数变化,不能直接写成每次增加固定数量。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题租车有 30 元固定费用,另按每千米 2.4 元收费。写出行驶 \(d\) 千米的费用 \(C\),并求 18 千米的费用。
展开解题思路 +
固定费用是截距,单位里程费用是斜率,所以 \(C=30+2.4d\)。当 \(d=18\) 时,\(C=73.2\) 元。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
线性建模・建立方程基础
Sean rents a tent at a cost of $11 per day plus a onetime insurance fee of $10. Which equation represents the total cost c, in dollars, to rent the tent with insurance for d days?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程挑战
A window repair specialist charges $220 for the first two hours of repair plus an hourly fee for each additional hour. The total cost for 5 hours of repair is $400. Which function f gives the total cost, in dollars, for x hours of repair, where x ≥ 2?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程挑战
A machine makes large boxes or small boxes, one at a time, for a total of 700 minutes each day. It takes the machine 10 minutes to make a large box or 5 minutes to make a small box. Which equation represents the possible number of large boxes, x, and small boxes, y, the machine can make each day?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程进阶
A veterinarian recommends that each day a certain rabbit should eat 25 calories per pound of the rabbit's weight, plus an additional 11 calories. Which equation represents this situation, where c is the total number of calories the veterinarian recommends the rabbit should eat each day if the rabbit's weight is x pounds?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程进阶
f(x)=14+4x
The function f represents the total cost, in dollars, of attending an arcade when x games are played. How many games can be played for a total cost of $58?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程挑战
A manager is responsible for ordering supplies for a shaved ice shop. The shop's inventory starts with 4,500 paper cups, and the manager estimates that 70 of these paper cups are used each day. Based on this estimate, in how many days will the supply of paper cups reach 1,700?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程挑战

The table shows the linear relationship between the number of cars, c, on a commuter train and the maximum number of passengers and crew, p, that the train can carry. Which equation represents the linear relationship between c and p?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程基础
The combined original price for a mirror and a vase is $60. After a 25% discount to the mirror and a 45% discount to the vase are applied, the combined sale price for the two items is $39. Which system of equations gives the original price m, in dollars, of the mirror and the original price v, in dollars, of the vase?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程进阶
Lorenzo purchased a box of cereal and some strawberries at the grocery store. Lorenzo paid $2 for the box of cereal and $1.90 per pound for the strawberries. If Lorenzo paid a total of $9.60 for the box of cereal and the strawberries, which of the following equations can be used to find p, the number of pounds of strawberries Lorenzo purchased? (Assume there is no sales tax.)
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程基础
\( f\left(x\right)=45x+600 \)
The function \( f \) gives the monthly fee \( f\left(x\right) \), in dollars, a facility charges to keep x crates in storage. What is the monthly fee, in dollars, the facility charges to keep 50 crates in storage?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程基础
A total of 165 people contributed to a charity event as either a donor or a volunteer. 130 people contributed as a donor. How many people contributed as a volunteer?
原库参考解析
线性建模・建立方程基础
In August, a car dealer completed 15 more than 3 times the number of sales the car dealer completed in September. In August and September, the car dealer completed 363 sales. How many sales did the car dealer complete in September?
原库参考解析
