这部分需要会什么?
- 根据零点、顶点或给定点选用二次模型形式
- 求模型中的比例系数
- 将交点与最值解释为实际情境中的量
核心概念与公式
已知两个零点 \(r,s\),可写 \(y=a(x-r)(x-s)\);已知顶点 \((h,k)\),可写 \(y=a(x-h)^2+k\)。再代入另一个已知点求 \(a\)。若已知三个不同横坐标的点,也可代入 \(ax^2+bx+c\) 建立方程组。
固定等间距输入下,线性模型的一阶差相同,二次模型的二阶差相同。建模后需要说明变量单位、可用范围,以及零点或顶点在题目中的实际意义。
做题时怎样使用
- 根据已知信息选择最容易直接代入的形式
- 用额外的点求系数,不要默认 \(a=1\)
- 算出所求量后,用范围和情境排除不合适的解
容易混淆的地方
同一对零点对应很多不同的抛物线,必须有更多信息确定开口宽度。时间为负的代数解可能不属于实际过程。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题抛物线与横轴交于 \(x=1\)、\(x=5\),并经过 \((0,10)\)。求其方程与顶点。
展开解题思路 +
设 \(y=a(x-1)(x-5)\)。代入 \((0,10)\) 得 \(5a=10\),所以 \(a=2\)。对称轴 \(x=(1+5)/2=3\),顶点纵坐标为 \(2(2)(-2)=-8\)。方程为 \(y=2(x-1)(x-5)\),顶点为 \((3,-8)\)。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
A quadratic function models a projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was launched. The model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of 7 meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground 3 seconds after the launch. How many seconds after the launch does the model estimate that the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战

The table shows three values of x and their corresponding values of y , where y = f(x) +4 and f is a quadratic function. What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has an initial height of 10 feet above the ground and reaches its maximum height of 1,034 feet above the ground 8 seconds after being launched. Based on the model, what is the height, in feet, of the object above the ground 10 seconds after being launched?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a straight line can be modeled by a quadratic function that is defined in terms of t, where t is the time in seconds. At a time of 10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is 50.0 meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0 meters when t = 0, then what is the total distance traveled, in meters, by the object after 30.0 seconds?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
h(x) =-16x2 + 100x +10
The quadratic function above models the height above the ground h, in feet, of a projectile x seconds after it had been launched vertically. If y = h(x) is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive x-intercept of the graph?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
A machine launches a softball from ground level. The softball reaches a maximum height of 51.84 meters above the ground at 1.8 seconds and hits the ground at 3.6 seconds. Which equation represents the height above ground h, in meters, of the softball t seconds after it is launched?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
f(x) =-500x2 +25,000x
The revenue f(x) , in dollars, that a company receives from sales of a product is given by the function f above, where x is the unit price, in dollars, of the product. The graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does a represent?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战
The y-intercept of the graph of \( y=x^2+31 \) in the xy-plane is (0, y). What is the value of y?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战

The graph shows the height above ground, in meters, of a ball x seconds after the ball was launched upward from a platform. Which statement is the best interpretation of the marked point (1.0 , 4.8) in this context?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模基础
y =0.25x2 -7.5x +90.25
The equation gives the estimated stock price y, in dollars, for a certain company x days after a new product launched, where 0≤ x ≤20. Which statement is the best interpretation of (x, y)=(1, 83) in this context?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模挑战

The parabola shown intersects the y-axis at the point (x, y). What is the value of y?
原库参考解析
抛物线图象与二次建模进阶
An object is kicked from a platform. The equation h =−4.9t2 + 7t + 9 represents this situation, where h is the height of the object above the ground, in meters, t seconds after it is kicked. Which number represents the height, in meters, from which the object was kicked?
原库参考解析
