这部分需要会什么?
- 把比转换成份数或单位率
- 保持比例式中数量的对应关系
- 用单位抵消完成长度、面积和体积换算
核心概念与公式
若 \(A:B=m:n\),可设 \(A=mk,B=nk\),总量为 \((m+n)k\)。单位率表示每 1 个单位对应多少,例如千米/小时、元/件;建立比例式时每一边分子和分母的意义应一致。
换算单位可乘以数值等于 1 的换算因子,让旧单位约去。长度单位的倍率为 \(k\) 时,面积倍率为 \(k^2\),体积倍率为 \(k^3\)。平均速度为总路程除以总时间,通常不是各段速度的简单平均。
做题时怎样使用
- 先标清数量和单位,判断是部分比部分还是部分比整体
- 用同一比例系数或单位率建式
- 换算时连同单位一起写,面积和体积需相应平方或立方
容易混淆的地方
红球与蓝球之比为 \(2:3\),红球占总数的 \(2/5\),不是 \(2/3\)。\(1\text{ m}^2=10{,}000\text{ cm}^2\),不是 100。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题某溶液中成分 A 与 B 的质量比为 \(3:5\),总质量为 640 克。求 A 的质量。
展开解题思路 +
共 \(3+5=8\) 份,每份 \(640/8=80\) 克,所以 A 有 \(3\times80=240\) 克。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
Before liftoff, one of a space shuttle's solid rocket boosters contained 489,000 kilograms (kg) of propellant. Exactly 23 seconds after liftoff,374,046 kg of this propellant remained.On average, how much propellant, in kg, did this solid rocket booster burn each second after liftoff?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
The ratio x to y is equivalent to the ratio 7 to 9. If x = 10t, what is the value of y in terms of t ?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
The ratio of the base to the height of a triangle is 1 to 8. The base of the triangle is 216 centimeters. What is the height, in centimeters, of the triangle?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算基础
The area of a rectangular region is increasing at a rate of 300 square centimeters per hour. What is this rate, in square meters per minute? (1 meter =100 centimeters)
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
How many centimeters are equivalent to 47 meters? (1 meter = 100 centimeters)
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算挑战
One gallon of sealant costs $29 and will cover 300 square feet of a surface. A deck has a total surface area of d square feet. Which equation represents the cost c, in dollars, of the sealant needed to cover the deck twice?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算挑战
An area of 56.00 square nautical miles is equivalent to k square kilometers. To the nearest tenth, what is the value of k? (1 nautical mile = 1.852 kilometers)
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
An object's speed is increasing at a rate of 10.5 meters per second squared. What is this rate, in miles per minute squared, rounded to the nearest tenth? (Use 1 mile = 1,609 meters.)
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算挑战
A 9-pound cat eats two types of canned cat food: chicken-flavored and duck-flavored. The recommended amount of chicken-flavored food is 2.25 cans per 8 pounds of a cat's weight per day. The recommended amount of duck-flavored food is 0.75 cans per 5 pounds of a cat's weight per day. If c is the number of chicken-flavored cans and d is the number of duck-flavored cans a 9-pound cat eats in one day, which equation describes all the possible values of c and d for the cat to eat the recommended amount of food based on its weight?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算挑战
The speed of a white-throated needletail, a type of bird, in flight was measured to be 79 miles per hour. What was the white-throated needletail's measured speed, in kilometers per hour? (Use 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers.)
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
Gentoo penguins are the fastest swimming-underwater birds. A gentoo penguin was recorded swimming at a rate of 7 meters per second for 160 meters. For approximately how many seconds was the penguin recorded swimming at this rate?
原库参考解析
比・比例・速率与单位换算进阶
An object's speed is increasing at a rate of 9.4 meters per second squared. What is this rate, in miles per minute squared, rounded to the nearest tenth? (Use 1 mile = 1,609 meters.)
原库参考解析
