这部分需要会什么?
- 用零乘积性质求多项式零点
- 理解因式定理和余式定理
- 根据因式形式识别横截距与重根
核心概念与公式
若多项式 \(P(x)\) 含因式 \((x-r)\),则 \(P(r)=0\),\(r\) 是零点;反过来也成立。\(P(x)\) 除以 \((x-r)\) 的余数为 \(P(r)\)。除数是 \((ax-b)\) 且 \(a\ne0\) 时,应代入 \(x=b/a\)。
若 \(y=a(x-r_1)(x-r_2)\cdots\),非零常数 \(a\) 不影响零点。图象的横截距为 \((r_i,0)\)。零点重数为奇数时图象穿过横轴,重数为偶数时图象在该处接触横轴而不穿过。
做题时怎样使用
- 求横截距时令 \(y=0\),观察现成的因式,通常不必展开
- 逐个将一次因式设为零;求余数则直接代入使除数为零的输入
- 读清是要求一个零点、全部零点,还是截距坐标
容易混淆的地方
\((x+5)\) 对应零点 \(-5\)。前面的系数 4 不是横截距;“an x-coordinate”只要求一个符合条件的横坐标。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题\(y=4(x-13)(x+5)(x+1)\)。图象的横截距的横坐标有哪些?
展开解题思路 +
令每个一次因式为零:\(x-13=0\)、\(x+5=0\)、\(x+1=0\)。得到 \(x=13,-5,-1\)。若只要求一个横坐标,填写其中任意一个;若要求所有截距,则为 \((13,0),(-5,0),(-1,0)\)。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
多项式・因式与余式挑战
Which expression is equivalent to \( 9x^{6}−63x^{2} \) , where \( x>0 \) ?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
One of the factors of \( 2x^3+44x^2+234x \) is \( x+b \), where b is a positive constant. What is the smallest possible value of b?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式进阶
Which expression is NOT a factor of \( 37,500x^4-960 \) ?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
\( 46z^{18}+bz^9+25 \)
In the given expression, b is a positive integer. If \( qz^9+r \) is a factor of the expression, where q and r are positive integers, what is the greatest possible value of b?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式进阶
Which expression is equivalent to \( 7x^5-6x^4+9x^3 \)?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
Which expression is a factor of \( 49p^{19}-121p^{17} \) ?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
\( g\left(x\right)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c \)
The function g is defined by the given equation, where a, b, and c are integer constants. The zeros of the function are \( −2 \) , \( −7 \) , and \( 6 \) . What is the value of a?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
\( f\left(x\right)=\sqrt{x^3+ax^2+bx+c} \)
The function f is defined by the given equation, where a, b, and c are integer constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of \( y=f\left(x\right) \) passes through the point \( \left(5,\ 0\right) \), and \( f\left(0\right)=15 \). What is the value of \( 5a+b \)?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式进阶
The function f is defined by \( f(x)=4(x-3)(x^2-k) \), where \( k \) is a constant. In the xy-plane, the graph of \( y=f(x) \) passes through the point \( (-8,\ 0) \). What is the value of \( f(0) \)?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式挑战
\( 26z^{18}+bz^{9}+70 \)
In the given expression, b is a positive integer. If \( qz^9+r \) is a factor of the expression, where q and r are positive integers, what is the greatest possible value of b?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式进阶
\( f\left(x\right)=3\left(x-1\right)\left(x-8\right)\left(x-11\right) \)
If the given function \( f \) is graphed in the xy-plane, where \( y=f\left(x\right) \), what is the x-coordinate of an x-intercept of the graph?
原库参考解析
多项式・因式与余式进阶
Which expression is equivalent to \( (5x^3-3x+8)-(9x^6+5x-3) \) ?
原库参考解析
