这部分需要会什么?
- 先确定分式的定义域,再化简或解方程
- 区分约分后的空点与竖直渐近线
- 将绝对值理解为距离并分类求解
核心概念与公式
分式的原分母不能为零。约分只能消去公共因式,不能单独消去加减项;约分后仍要保留原式的限制。若 \((x-r)\) 被完全约去且剩余分母在 \(r\) 处非零,原函数在 \(x=r\) 处有空点。
\(|x-a|\) 表示 \(x\) 与 \(a\) 的距离。\(|x-a|=d\) 在 \(d>0\) 时有 \(x=a\pm d\),\(d=0\) 时只有 \(x=a\),\(d<0\) 时无解。\(|x-a|\le d\)(\(d\ge0\))表示 \(a-d\le x\le a+d\)。
做题时怎样使用
- 分式先写出所有分母不为零的限制,再通分、约分或交叉相乘
- 绝对值先判断右侧正负,再写对应的两个分支或距离区间
- 最后检查候选解是否属于原定义域和对应分支
容易混淆的地方
把 \((x^2-1)/(x-1)\) 约成 \(x+1\) 后仍需 \(x\ne1\)。绝对值方程有时只有一个解或无解,不能一律说有两个。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题解 \(|2x-3|=5\)。
展开解题思路 +
分成 \(2x-3=5\) 或 \(2x-3=-5\)。因此 \(x=4\) 或 \(x=-1\)。两者代回绝对值均为 5。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
The function w is defined by \( w(r)=\frac{1}{r-5}-\frac{r-4}{-r+4.25} \). What is the greatest possible value of r such that \( w(r)=0 \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值挑战
\( f(x)=5(g(x))-2 \)
\( g(x)=|\ 13x-9\ | \)
The functions \( f \) and g are defined by the given equations. What is the value of \( f(−10) \) ?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
\( 2|\ 5x−5\ |=11 \)
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
The function h is defined by \( h(x)=5|\ x\ | \). What is the value of \( h(−4) \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
The function \( f \) is defined by \( f(x)=\frac{1}{8x} \). What is the value of \( f(x) \) when \( x=9 \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值挑战
\( |4x-3|=-9 \)
How many solutions does the given equation have?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
The function j is defined by \( j(x)=\frac{10x+5}{3p} \), and the function k is defined by \( k(x)=\frac{j(x)·p}{x+1} \), where p is a positive constant. What is the value of \( k(9) \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
\( \frac{|4x-48|+4}{8}=6 \)
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值挑战
The function v is defined by the equation \( v(x)=\frac{x^2+bx+c}{(x+5)(x-19)} \), where b and c are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of \( y=v(x) \) passes through the points \( \left(0,\ \frac{66}{95}\right) \) and \( (11,\ 0) \). If \( v(q)=0 \), which of the following could be the value of q?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶

For a rational function \( f \), the table shows three values of x and their corresponding values of \( f(x) \). Which of the following could be the graph of \( y=f(x) \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值挑战
The equation \( 5|\ x-8\ |=k \) , where k is a constant, has exactly one solution. Which of the following could be the value of \( \frac{k}{5} \)?
原库参考解析
分式・有理函数与绝对值进阶
The function \( f \) is defined by \( f(x)=\frac{2}{11-x} \). What is the value of \( f(x) \) when \( x=9 \)?
原库参考解析
