知识点地图 / 进阶数学
Discriminant, Tangency & Number of Roots
判别式・相切与根的个数
把交点问题化成一元二次方程。先判断判别式的符号,再处理参数范围、整数边界和重根坐标。
这部分需要会什么?
- 用判别式判断实根个数
- 将直线与抛物线的交点问题转为二次方程
- 结合参数限制求相切或无交点条件
核心概念与公式
对真正的二次方程 \(ax^2+bx+c=0\)(\(a\ne0\)),判别式 \(\Delta=b^2-4ac\)。\(\Delta>0\) 有两个不同实根,\(\Delta=0\) 有一个不同实根(重根),\(\Delta<0\) 无实根。
求直线与抛物线交点时,先联立,整理成关于同一个变量的二次方程。相切对应重根,因而判别式为零。若含参数使二次项系数为零,方程可能变成一次方程,必须另外判断。
做题时怎样使用
- 先整理标准式,明确带符号的 \(a,b,c\)
- 把“两个交点、相切、无实根”翻译成判别式的条件
- 解参数条件后检查 \(a\ne0\),再应用正数、整数等题目限制
容易混淆的地方
判断两条曲线的交点,必须用联立后方程的判别式,不能只看抛物线自身与横轴的交点。
用一个例题串起方法
知识点教学例题直线 \(y=2x+k\) 与抛物线 \(y=x^2+4\) 相切,求 \(k\)。
展开解题思路 +
联立得 \(x^2-2x+4-k=0\)。相切要求 \(\Delta=4-4(4-k)=0\),所以 \(k=3\)。此时方程为 \((x-1)^2=0\),交点为 \((1,5)\)。
本知识点题库
先独立作答,再查看答案与解析。
判别式・相切与根的个数基础
5x2 + 10x + 16 = 0
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
x2 - 34x + c = 0
In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation has no real solutions if c > n. What is the least possible value of n?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
Which quadratic equation has no real solutions?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数进阶
\( x^2=-841 \)
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
\( -9x^2+30x+c=0 \)
In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of c?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation \( y=-x^2+9x-100 \) intersects the line \( y=c \) at exactly one point. What is the value of \( c \) ?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
-x2 + bx -676 = 0
In the given equation, b is a positive integer. The equation has no real solution. What is the greatest possible value of b ?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
2x2 - 4x = t
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the equation has no real solutions, which of the following could be the value of t ?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
x2 - 34x + c = 0
In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation has no real solutions if c > n . What is the least possible value of n ?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
-16x2 - 8x + c = 0
In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of c ?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
(x -1)2 =-4
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
原库参考解析
判别式・相切与根的个数挑战
-9x2 + 30x + c = 0
In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of c ?
原库参考解析
